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WAR AND PEOPLE
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The Significance of the Russian Offensive in Galicia in 1914
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Original article
Ivan A. Dakhin
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
86 Lenin St., Voronezh, 395043, Russia
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Alexey M. Ipatov
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
86 Lenin St., Voronezh, 395043, Russia
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Abstract. This paper attempts to analyze the significance of the Galician operation conducted by the Russian army in August — September 1914, which was one of the largest battles of World War I, involving approximately two million people and up to 5,000 artillery pieces on both sides. The authors emphasize that the Russian offensive in Galicia had a significant strategic impact on the overall course of events on the Eastern Front and the confrontation between Russian and Austro-Hungarian forces, as well as on the position of Russia's allies on the Western Front.
Keywords: Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Galicia, operation, offensive, battle, Entente.
DOI: 10.18413/2312-3044-2026-13-1-3-17
EDN: CADUPA
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“The Rear of the Fronts Did a Truly Titanic Job... “: Biographies of Generals and Officers of the Rear Administration of the Voronezh Front during the Preparation and Conduct of the Battle of Kursk. Part 2.
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Original article
Denis O. Timiryaev
National Research University Higher School of Economics
21/4, building 3 Staraya Basmannaya St., Moscow, 105066, Russia
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Abstract. The second part of the article is devoted to the lives and combat careers of officers of the Quartermaster's Department of the Voronezh Front's Logistics Directorate. The author examines the biographies of the Voronezh Front's Quartermaster, Mikhail A. Kulagin, and his Deputy, Pavel P. Vetrov; Vasily A. Suvorov, Head of the Organizational Unit of the Quartermaster's Department; Abram M. Leipson, Head of the Clothing Supply Unit of the Quartermaster's Department; Fyodor Yu. Nikolenko, Head of the Transport and Logistics Unit of the Quartermaster's Department; and Daniil V. Zadorov, Head of the Housing and Maintenance Unit of the Quartermaster's Department.
Keywords: The Great Patriotic War, Battle of Kursk, Voronezh Front, Kulagin M.A., Vetrov P.P., Suvorov V.A., Lejpson A.M., Nikolenko F.Yu., Zadorov D.V., rear of the armed forces, quartermaster service, front rear administration, biographies.
DOI: 10.18413/2312-3044-2026-13-1-18-33
EDN: GUFKLC
POWER AND PEOPLE
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The Populist “Going to the People” of 1874: the First Major Political-Eschatological Movement in the Russian Empire. Part 1: Asking the Questions
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Original article
Tony Rocchi
Independent Researcher
Toronto, Canada
E-mail:
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Abstract. The populist “Going to the People” of 1874 was the first major political-eschatological movement in the Russian Empire. Like other followers of eschatological movements, the populist propagandists tried to hasten the end of the old hateful social-political order and the coming of a new just age. The populist movement of the 1870s contained many attributes of an eschatological sect with a strict code of beliefs and behavior. This paper is the first of three articles about eschatological aspects of revolutionary populism of the 1870s and about elements of eschatological mythmaking in the historical narrative about the movement. They continue our series of articles about common elements of eschatological mythmaking in the narratives of the Children’s Crusade of 1212 and the “Going to the People” in 1874. Historians have long idealized the history of the populists. The major elements of the narrative include emphasis upon the high idealism and moral purity of the participants in the “Going to the People”, and their devotion to the cause of the people’s liberation. The movement suffered defeat, and the narratives usually end with the sufferings, martyrdom, and disillusionment of many participants in their ideals. The collapse of the “Going to the People” had serious consequences for the autocracy because many “peaceful” propagandists joined the "People’s Will" terrorist organization at the end of the 1870s. Members of the "People’s Will" assassinated Tsar Alexander II on March 1, 1881. Government repressions against the propagandists became the foundational myth of the "People's Will".The article theme is relevant in studying the process of the radicalization of participants in contemporary extremist movements. After all, the populists went through a complex process of radicalization.
Keywords: eschatological movements in Russia, Populist “Going to the People” of 1874, revolutionary populism, historical mythmaking.
DOI: 10.18413/2312-3044-2026-13-1-34-62
EDN: HRJDNO
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Participation of Postal and Telegraph Service Employees in the Socio-Political Life of the Tambov Governorate in the Early 20th Century
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Original article
Sergey V. Shcherbakov
Derzhavin Tambov State University
33 Internatsionalnaya St. Tambov, 392000, Russia
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Abstract. The article is dedicated to the problem of participation of the communication institutions' employees (postal, telegraph, and telephone services) in the socio-political life of the Tambov Governorate at the beginning of the 20th century. The main reasons and forms of their participation in the revolution of 1905-1907 are considered. We analyzed the reasons for the absence of strikes by communications workers in most counties of the Tambov Governorate. The participation of postal and telegraphic employees in legal public organizations and in charitable activities has also been studied.
Keywords: communication, post office, telegraph, telephone, postal and telegraph employees, Tambov Governorate, the First Russian revolution.
DOI: 10.18413/2312-3044-2026-13-1-63-75
EDN: PPIAMV
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Emperor Nicholas II in Modern Russian Historiography: Liberal-Critical and Conservative-Apologetic Approaches
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Original article
Kristina B. Mashukova
Belgorod State National Research University
85 Pobedy St., Belgorod, 308015, Russia
E-mail:
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Abstract. The article examines the views of researchers on the personality of Emperor Nicholas II in modern historiography. The study identifies two opposing positions: the liberal-critical position, which criticizes Russia’s last monarch, and the conservative-apologetic position, which is held by monarchist historians. Intermediate points of view are also emerging in modern historiography, allowing us to chart a path towards a synthesis of existing positions. Of particular interest is the historians' attempts to understand the psychology and motivations of a leader facing significant societal changes and profound socio-political crises.
Keywords: Emperor Nicholas II, liberal historiography, conservative historiography, autocracy, Russian Empire.
DOI: 10.18413/2312-3044-2026-13-1-76-94
EDN: TJYTJB
FAMILY AND FAMILY VALUES IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE
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Features of Peasant Women’s Marriages in Korochansky Uyezd of Kursk Province in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries
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Original article
Svetlana V. Borodina
State Military History Museum-Reserve ”Prohorovskoe pole”
47 Parkovaya St., Prokhorovka 309000, Belgorod Region, Russia
E-mail:
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Abstract. Based on archival documents and ethnographic materials, the article examines the features of marriage of peasant women in the Korochansky district of the Kursk province, namely the ages of brides and bridegrooms, the time of wedding, and the reasons for prohibiting marriage. Wedding ceremonies were scheduled to coincide with certain periods of agricultural work and were closely linked to the church calendar, being rarer in summer and more frequent in autumn. Often, several weddings were held on the same day, while no ceremonies were conducted during fasting periods.
Keywords: Kursk province, district, peasantry, family, bride, marriage.
DOI: 10.18413/2312-3044-2026-13-1-95-108
EDN: XHFJIQ
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